BLEEDING AND STOPPING BLEEDING

BLEEDING AND STOPPING BLEEDING

The term "bleeding" is the outflow of blood from arteries, veins or capillaries.

Bleeding can be external (visible) or internal (hidden).

Tijelo prosječne odrasle osobe sadrži 6 litara krvi.
Gubitak krvi veći od 10% tijelo ne može kompenzirati te može uzrokovati ŠOK.
Kod dojenčadi gubitak 25-30 ml krvi može uzrokovati ŠOK.
GUBITAK KRVI U SVIM SITUACIJAMA PREDSTAVLJA PROBLEM KOJI ZAHTIJEVA PRIORITETNU PAŽNJU PRILIKOM ZBRINJAVANJA POVRIJEĐENIH!
U PRVI RED HITNOSTI SPADA JAKO KRVARENJE.
Krv u krvotoku cirkuliše kroz krvne sudove.
Povrede i neke bolesti mogu ugroziti krvne sudove i izazvati krvarenje.

Therefore, damage can occur at:
⦁ Heart and large blood vessels
⦁ Arteries
⦁ Venama
⦁ Capillaries

Bleeding from larger blood vessels must be stopped actively,
while bleeding from smaller blood vessels can be stopped spontaneously, by means of a blood clotting mechanism and by squeezing the blood vessel.

Kako prepoznati pacijenta koji je izgubio veću količinu krvi?
⦁ Bljedilo
⦁ Opšta slabost
⦁ Hladno tijelo i hladan znoj
⦁ Ubrzano disanje
⦁ Ubrzan puls
⦁ Nizak krvni pritisak

STOPPING BLEEDING

Methods to stop external bleeding:
⦁
⦁ Pressure on the wound (sterile gauze is placed on the bleeding site, and then pressure is applied by hand to the same)

⦁ Compression bandage (sterile gauze is placed on the bleeding site and a solid object such as stone, wood, mobile phone, etc. is placed on it, and then the bandage is tightly wrapped)

⦁

⦁ Elevation of the limb (injured limb is placed in a position raised above the body)

⦁

⦁ Digital compression (performed only until the compression bandage is placed and in the case of multiple rescuers, by applying strong pressure to the arteries above the bleeding site with the fingers)

⦁ Limb ligation (only in case of limb amputation)

BREEDING FROM THE NOSE (EPISTAX)

A very common occurrence which in most cases cannot impair the health of the casualty

Bleeding from the nose can be caused by the following conditions:
⦁ Trauma
⦁ Hypertension
⦁ Leukemia
⦁ Other diseases manifested by bleeding

FIRST AID
⦁
⦁ Place the patient in a sitting position with the head tilted forward.
⦁ Press both nostrils with a gauze, using your thumb and forefinger.

BLEEDING FROM THE EAR

Bleeding from the ear is usually not abundant and can occur as a result of ear disease and such a condition is not life-threatening, but if it is bleeding after a head injury, it can be a sign of a serious injury.

TREATMENT
⦁
First aid \ n \ n * If bleeding has occurred and the cause is not a serious injury, put sterile gauze on the ear and immediately contact the family doctor. \ N \ n * If the bleeding is the result of a serious injury (blow to the head, fall from a height, traffic accident…) follow the protocol for "Basic approach to the patient-CABD", put sterile gauze on the ear and bandage. Examine and stop other possible bleeding. Fix the head of the injured and monitor vital parameters until the arrival of the ambulance team. \ n \ n * Blood coming out of a wound on the head can often be poured into the ear, so the rescuer should check this detail when providing first aid.

INTERNAL BLEEDING
Injuries can be:
⦁ Abdomen
⦁ Pelvis
⦁ Femura
⦁ Chest
⦁ Head injury
⦁ As well as limb injuries
Injury to the above parts of the human body can lead to the accumulation of large amounts of blood, which are not immediately visible.

INTERNAL BLEEDING
WITH BLOOD OUT OF BODY HOLES
Bleeding in the lungs \ n * The patient coughs up fresh, light blood mixed with sputum. \ N \ nBleeding in the esophagus, stomach or intestines \ n * The victim vomits dark red or black blood that resembles coffee grounds. \ N * The stool is black. \ n * Bleeding of this type can be profuse and deadly. \ n \ nBleeding in the final parts of the intestine \ n * Stool is red, bloody or contains fresh blood \ n \ nBleeding in the kidney or bladder \ n * Urine is red .

PATIENT TREATMENT

Safety and gloves!
Check the patient's state of consciousness
C - check for pulse and approach to stop heavy bleeding
A - check airway
B - check for breathing
Fluid replacement
Patient warming
Follow signs of bleeding
Fast and safe transport to a health facility (if needed)
First Aid
If you cough up fresh blood, the appearance of blood in the urine and the appearance of fresh blood in the stool, you should contact your family doctor.

If the victim vomits fresh blood, or vomits the contents as black coffee grounds, or has black stools, it is necessary to call an ambulance and follow the dispatcher's instructions.
Bleeding in the lungs \ n * The patient coughs up fresh, light blood mixed with sputum. \ N \ nBleeding in the esophagus, stomach or intestines \ n * The victim vomits dark red or black blood that resembles coffee grounds. \ N * The stool is black. \ n * Bleeding of this type can be profuse and deadly. \ n \ nBleeding in the final parts of the intestine \ n * Stool is red, bloody or contains fresh blood \ n \ nBleeding in the kidney or bladder \ n * Urine is red .

* A very common phenomenon that in most cases can not impair the health of the victim | n | n * Bleeding from the nose can be caused by the following conditions: \ n * Injury \ n * High blood pressure | n * Leukemia \ n * Other diseases manifested by bleeding \ n \ nFIRST AID \ n \ n * Place the patient in a sitting position with the head tilted forward \ n \ n * Press both nostrils with gauze, using the thumb and forefinger. \ n \ n * If the bleeding does not stop after 10 minutes, call to the family doctor