FROST

FROST

Frostbite is an injury caused by the action of low temperatures. They most commonly occur on protruding parts of the body (toes and hands, earlobes, nose and chin). Tight and damp footwear and general exhaustion promote their formation. They often occur with general hypothermia. As with burns, for further prognosis and treatment, the size of the frozen surface is important, as well as its depth.

In relation to depth, we distinguish 4 degrees.

Frostbite of the first degree is characterized by dilation of blood vessels after heating, the area becomes red and painful.

Kod drugog stepena područje smrzavanja boli sa jako izraženim otokom kože. Nakon nekoliko sati javljaju se mjehurići, koji mogu biti ispunjeni tečnim sadržajem od bistrog do sukrvičavog.
Treći stepen smrzotina kakakterizira zahvaćenost dubljih struktura kože. Mjehurići su krvavog sadržaja. Smrznuto područje je omeđeno cijanozom i crvenilom i u nekoliko sati do dana, ova površina može postati crna i iz nje se javlja karakterističan zadah.
Kod četvrtog stepena promjene su zahvatile sve slojeve kože, ali i dublje strukture (mišiće, krvne sudove, živce i kosti) Zbog zahvaćanja živaca javlja se bezosjećajnost za povrijeđeni dio tijela. Nakon nekoliko sati od nastanka ove povrede,javljaju se jasni znakovi gangrene.

Injury procedure:
⦁ Introduce casualty into warm room, remove shoes, clothes, jewelry, pieces of cloth glued to skin, do not remove, treat with scissors
⦁ Cover the frostbite with sterile gauze, but do not wrap it with a bandage
⦁ Immobilize and elevate injured limb
⦁ Do not rub frozen parts
⦁ Do not puncture blisters
⦁ Do not put powders, ointments, creams on the frost
⦁ Do not put socks or gloves on frozen edges
⦁ Do not heat frozen parts with a hot water bottle or anything similar
⦁ Do not allow a person with frozen feet to walk
In the conditions of emergency care, continue with first aid measures and start with the replacement of minerals, fluids and analgesic therapy. The liquids should be warmed to room temperature. Under medical supervision, the victim was transported further to the hospital.